RELATIVE INFLUENCE OF PARENTS. 237 



According to Mr. Orton, 1 " the male animal influ- 

 ences especially the external, and the female the in- 

 ternal, organization of the offspring. The outward 

 form, general appearance, and organs of locomotion, 

 are chiefly determined by the male ; the vital organs, 

 size, general vigor, and endurance, by the female." 2 



As stated by Goodale, he maintains that " the male 

 parent chiefly determines the external characters, the 

 general appearance, in fact, the outward structure and 

 locomotive powers of the offspring, as the framework, 

 or bones and muscles, more particularly those of the 

 limbs, the organs of sense, and skin ; while the female 

 parent chiefly determines the internal structures and 

 the general quality, mainly furnishing the vital organs, 

 i. e., the heart, lungs, glands, and digestive organs, and 

 giving tone and character to the vital functions of se- 

 cretion, nutrition, and growth." 3 



Mr. Spooner says : " The most probable supposi- 

 tion is, that propagation is done by halves, each parent 

 giving to the offspring the shape of one-half of the 

 body. Thus the back, loins, hind-quarters, general 



pe, skin, and size, follow one pr.rcnt ; and the fore- 

 rs, head, vital and nervous system, the other ; 



d we may go so far as to add that the former, in 



e great majority of cases, go with the male parent, 



d the latter with the female." 4 



1 Not being able to refer directly to Mr. Orton's original paper, the 

 itements of his opinions are quoted from the Journal of the Royal 

 Agricultural Society, vol. xvi., p. 43 ; Goodale's " Principles of Breed- 

 ing," pp. 73-79 ; and Journal of the Highland Agricultural Society \ 

 1857-'59, pp. 19-22. a Jour, of the Royal Agricul Soc., vol. xvi., p. 43. 



3 " Principles of Breeding," p. 75. 



4 Journal of the Royal Agricultural Society, vol. xx., p. 296. 



