PEDIGREE. 34.9 



In America the term "thorough-bred" is fre- 

 quently applied to sheep and cattle ; but, as there are 

 other terms in use to express the same idea that are 

 quite as definite and concise, without being open to 

 the objection of ambiguity, it would be well to restrict 

 it to its original use as the name of a distinct breed 

 of horses. 



"Pure-bred," "full-blood," and "thorough-bred," 

 were defined by the American Association of Short- 

 Horn Breeders as synonymous terms, and to indicate 

 " animals of a distinct and well-defined breed, with- 

 out any admixture of other blood." 1 



The following definitions were also adopted by the 

 association : 



" ' Cross-bred ' animals produced by breeding to- 

 gether distinct breeds. 



" ' Grades ' the produce of a cross between a ' pure- 

 bred ' and a i native.' 



" t High-grade ' an animal of mixed blood, in which 

 the blood of a pure breed largely predominates." 



Close-breeding is the coupling of animals that are 

 closely related; while "in-and-in breeding" implies 

 the closest possible relationship in the animals bred 

 together. 



High-breeding is sometimes used as synonymous 

 with close-breeding, but it properly signifies a rigor- 

 ous selection of breeding-stock with reference to a 

 definite standard, and within the limits of a particular 

 family. 



In what is popularly called " breeding-in-the-line," 



1 " Proceedings of American Association of Breeders of Short- 

 Horns," Indianapolis, 1872, p. 21. 



