IDENTIFICATION CHAPTER. 197 



back, wings, and tail black, marked with white. Sometimes a 

 common winter visitant to the valley regions, where it pecks 

 spirals of small holes around the trunks of alder, pepper, 

 peach, and other trees. (See page 31.) 



Red-shafted Flicker. Length, 13 inches ; body in general 

 brownish or grayish, the back narrowly barred, the breast 

 polka-dotted with black ; under sides of wings and tail red, 

 this and the white rump-patch being conspicuous in flight; 

 male with bright red patches at sides of throat. Abundant 

 everywhere, especially in winter. (See page 38.) 



Anna Humming-Bird (not the "Ruby-Throat," which is 

 found only west of the Rocky Mountains). Very small ; length, 

 4 inches or less ; bill long and slender ; wings narrow ; back 

 shiny green; female with lower surface plain, ashy, tinged 

 with green ; male with brilliant iridescent "gorget" (throat- 

 patch) and crown, of changeable ruby-red hues. Common 

 resident of the valleys west of the Sierras ; especially numerous 

 about flower-gardens. (See page 173.) 



Black Phoe.be (often called Pewee). Length, 6} inches ; 

 bill shallow, but broad at base ; feet rather small ; whole body, 

 wings, and tail black, except for the lower surface from the 

 breast back, which is abruptly pure black. Common perma- 

 nent resident in the valleys of California ; oftenest met with 

 along streams, about barn-yards and stock-farms. (See page 

 21.) 



California Ja^. Length, 11% inches; tail 5% inches; 

 wings, tail, and most of head blue ; line over eye, throat, and 

 rest of lower parts white. Abundant resident west of the high 

 Sierras. (See page 67.) 



Common Crow. Length, 16 inches ; bill and feet stout ; 



