The English Wild Bull. 55 



deterioration of the herd, and must have reduced 

 them much in size and other qualities/' and other 

 writers speak of them as having " worn out " in 

 places where they were formerly to be found. 

 However, where they still live they are most care- 

 fully preserved. 



That at Chillingham, the property of Lord 

 Tankerville, is certainly the best known of all the 

 existing herds. That at Chartley probably taking 

 the second place. The cattle comprising these 

 herds differ in many points for example, in the 

 colour of their ears, which are red in those at 

 Chillingham and black in those at Chartley, though 

 it would appear that this difference did not always 

 exist, and is, as Darwin suggested, the result of 

 selection, as both Pennant and Bewick speak of 

 the Chillingham cattle as having black muzzles 

 and ears. They also differ in the shape of their 

 horns, which in the former are very fine and bent 

 upwards, while in the latter they are long and, 

 by comparison, straight the Chartley cattle being, 

 as Mr. Harting says, " in fact, ' long horns. 1 " 

 There are other points of difference; but these 

 are, perhaps, the most noticeable. Pennant's 

 remark, that though they have lost their manes 

 they retain their fierceness, applies to the mem- 

 bers of both herds, though perhaps not in an 

 equal degree, as Mr. Harting tells us those at 

 Chartley are not so wild as the Northumberland 

 herd, and adds that it has been suggested that 

 this is probably owing to the circumstance that 



