306 INSECTS INJURIOUS TO THE RASPBERRY 



With her mandibles she girdles the young growing cane near 

 the tip in two places, one ring being about an inch below 

 the other, and between the rings the cane is pierced, and an 

 egg thrust into its substance near the middle, its location 

 being indicated by a small, dark-colored spot. The supply 

 of sap being impeded or stopped, the tip of the cane above 

 the upper ring soon begins to droop and wither, and shortly 

 dies, when a touch will sever it at the point where it has 

 been girdled. 



The egg is long and narrow and of a yellow color, is quite 

 large for the size of the insect, and, embedded in the moist 

 substance of the cane, absorbs moisture and increases in size 

 until in a few days a small grub hatches from it. The larva 

 as it escapes from the egg is about one-fourteenth of an inch 

 long, with a yellow, smooth, glossy body, roughened at the 

 sides, and clothed with very minute short hairs. The head is 

 small and reddish brown, and the anterior segments of the 

 body swollen ; it is also footless. The young larva burrows 

 down the centre of the stem, consuming the pith until full 

 grown, which is usually about the end of August, when it is 

 nearly an inch long and of a dull-yellow color, with a small, 

 dark-brown head. By this time it has eaten its way a con- 

 siderable distance down the cane, in which it remains during 

 the winter, and where it changes to a pupa, the beetle escap- 

 ing the following June, when it gains its liberty by gnawing 

 a passage through. This borer injures the blackberry as 

 well as the raspberry. 



The presence of these enemies is ' easily detected by the 

 sudden drooping and withering of the tips of the canes. 

 They begin to operate late in June, and continue their work 

 for several weeks; hence by looking over the raspberry plan- 

 tation occasionally at this season of the year and removing 

 all the withered tops down to the lowest ring, so as to insure 

 the removal of the egg, these insects may be easily kept 

 under, for they are seldom numerous. 



