Insects Injurious to the Apple. 



29 



formed on or near the food plants, sometimes between leaves, at 

 others on the bark or between the forks, or on palings, etc., near by. 



There seems something wrong with the account of this insect 

 given in the English translation of Kollar's ' Treatise on Insects 

 Injurious to Farmers,' etc., by J. and M. London, for on page 199 

 they speak of P. aurif.ua as the Brown Tail Moth, and on page 190 

 P. chrysorrlicea is put as the Gold Tail (1). 



The popular names are most appropriate if lightly applied, and 

 this error is pointed out in case that interesting little German work 

 falls into the hands of those who are not fully 

 acquainted with the insect's economy. 



The Gold Tail does not form a web at all, the 

 larvae feed solitarily, but the Brown Tail (P. clirysor- 

 rhcea) does. 



That it is of frequent annoyance we know, but 

 the damage done when the larvte are large is 

 comparatively slight, compared with the little 

 known harm caused by it in the young stage in 

 the spring, which we can easily check. 



PREVENTION AND TREATMENT. 



This consists of catching the larvae by enticing 

 them to some comfortable winter quarters, such as 

 has been found in the banding adopted for Codling 

 Moth prevention. Mr. Small of Evesham (4) for- 

 warded me many of the small winter cocoons found 

 under the sacking placed to catch Codling Moth, and 

 such has been reported by several other correspon- 

 dents. These bands and the collected larval cocoons 

 can be burnt in winter with the Codling Maggots 

 caught by them. The caterpillars, when appearing in any numbers, 

 can be killed very readily by spraying with arsenate of lead, which 

 has been found much more effective than Paris green for this species. 



The only bird that feeds upon these larvae is the Cuckoo. 



REFERENCES. 



(1) Kollar, Vincent. ' A Treatise on Insects Injurious to Gardeners, Foresters 



and Farmers,' p. 199 (1840). 



(2) Taschenberg, E. L. ' Praktische Insekten-kunde.' Die Schmetterlinge. 



(Dritter Theil), p. 95 (1880). 



(3) Theobald, F. V. Insects attacking the Spanish or Sweet Chestnut. 



Journal South Eastern Agricultural College, No. 8, p. 47 (1899). 



(4) Theobald, F. V. Report on Economic Zoology for the year ending April 1st, 



1907, p. 22 (1907). 



PEAR FRUITLET 

 EATEN BY GOLD 



