xii List of Illustrations. 



FIG. PAGE 



116. A bad and old-standing attack of Woolly Aphis .... 142 



117. Woolly Aphis on the suckers and shoots of an old apple tree . . 143 



118. Woolly Aphis and galled area produced by it . . . . 144 



119. Early stage of attack of Woolly Aphis on young wood . . . 145 



120. Young wood attacked by AVoolly Aphis 146 



121. Piece of wild crab apple attacked by Woolly Aphis . . . 147 



122. Root form of Woolly Aphis. . 148 



123. Ovum of Woolly Aphis and shrivelled skin of ? . . . .148 



124. Young Woolly Aphis hatched from egg 149 



125. Galls caused on roots by Woolly Aphis 149 



126. Injecting bisulphide of carbon by means of the Vermorel injector . 152 



127. Damage to foliage by Apple Sucker and normal leaves . . . 154 



128. Adult Apple Sucker ( X 14) .155 



129. Larva and nymph of Apple Sucker ...... 156 



130. Nymph skins of Apple Sucker ( X 2) 156 



131. Old egg of Apple Sucker, showing rupture and process . . . 157 



132. Ova of Apple Sucker, showing where deposited (slightly magnified) 158 



133. Young larvae of Apple Sucker waiting to enter buds . . . 159 



134. Orchard sprayed with lime and salt wash ..... 161 



135. Seneca nozzles used for lime and salt wash ..... 162 



136. Apple tree coated with lime and salt to prevent Apple Sucker . 163 



137. Ova of a Psocid up..* 164 



138. The Mussel Scale on apple twig (Lepidosaphes iilmi) . . . 166 



139. The Mussel Scale (Lepidosaplics nlmi). 1, female scale (dorsal 



view) ; 2, ventral view with ova ; 3, mature female beneath scale ; 



4, larva ; 5, male ; 6, male scale. (After Newstead) . . . 167 



140. Propupal stage of a male Scale Insect ...... 168 



141. Mussel Scale ; normal bark glands ; cankered scars . . . 169 



142. Spraying machine (Four Oaks Patent) ...... 173 



143. Brown Soft Scale (Lccanium caprecr) ...... 176 



144. The Large Tortoiseshell Butterfly (Vanessa polycliloros) and 



chrysalis 186 



145. Caterpillar of Large Tortoiseshell Butterfly 187 



146. Plum and Cherry Tree Stem Borer (Scmasia wocbcriana) . . 189 



147. Piece of cherry bark (inner side) showing workings of the Semasia 



larvae 189 



148. Semasia wocbcriana ......... 190 



149. Pupa of Plum and Cherry Tree Borer (Scmasia worbcriana) pro- 



jecting from bark 191 



150. The Cherry Fruit Moth (Argyrcsthia nit ideUa. Fabr.). . . 192 



151. Larval case on leaf and detached, also Moth of the Pistol Case- 



Bearer 195 



152. An Apple Case-Bearer (ColcopJtora sp.) and Moth. . . . 196 



153. Cherry Black Aphis (Myzus ccrasi) on cherry shoot . . .197 



154. Nymph of the Cherry Aphis (Myzus ccrasi) (greatly enlarged) . 198 



155. Adult Frog-hoppers (Pliilirnus spumarius) ..... 200 



156. Currant Clearwing Moth 204 



157. Larva of the Current Clearwing in situ ..... 205 



158. Larvae (just ready to pupate) and pupa of Magpie Moth . . 206 

 158A. Immature caterpillars of the Magpie Moth. .... 207 



