List of Illustrations. xi 



FIG. PAGE 



77. Tent of Cherry and Euonymus Little Ermine Moth (Hyponomewta 



evonymella) .......... 87 



78. Little Apple Ermine (If. malinella). A, cocoons in leaf nest; 



B, adult 88 



79. Ova of Hyponomeuta malinella (natural size and enlarged) . . 89 



80. Nest of Apple Little Ermine (Hyponomeuta malinella} (half natural 



size) 90 



81. Pith Moth and damaged spur 93 



82. Apple shoot attacked by Pith Moth 94 



83. Pith Moth (Blastodacna hellerella) 94 



84. Winter stage of Pith Moth, showing blisters and holes ... 95 



85. The Apple Leaf Miner (Lyonetia clerckella}. Cocoon and larval 



mine 97 



86. Apple Leaf Miner (Lyonetia clerckella} 98 



87. Nepticula malella, 101 



88. Apple Leaf Miner (Nepticula malella}. Larva, cocoon and mined 



leaf 102 



89. Ornix petiolella 103 



90. Apple Blossom Weevil (Anthonomus pomorum) .... 105 



91. Apple Blossom Weevil (natural size and magnified) and "capped" 



blossom, showing exit hole ....... 107 



92. Bark Beetle (Scolytus rugulosus) Ill 



93. Piece of plum stem showing "flight holes" of Bark Beetle 



(8. rugulosus) 112 



94. Work of the Bark Beetle (Scolytus rugulosus) and beetles (natural 



size) 113 



95. Apple shoot cut by Twig Cutter (Ehynchites coeruletts) . . . 117 



96. The Apple Twig Cutter (Rhynchites cceruleus] ( X 3) . . .118 



97. Leaf Weevils (Phyllobius). 1, Phyllobius maculicornis ; 2, P. ob- 



longus ; 3, P. uniformis ( x 3) . . . . 119 



98. Apples eaten out by Apple Sawfly 123 



99. Apple showing scar formed by Apple Sawfly on young fruit which 



the maggot failed to enter ....... 124 



100. Saw of a female Sawfly (greatly enlarged) 125 



101. The Apple Sawfly (natural size and enlarged) . . . .125 



102. Larva of the Apple Emphytus (l&mpliyiiis sp. /) ; c. larva in situ; 



b, entrance of tunnel ; a, excrement. ..... 127 



103. Apple shoot destroyed by Apliis pomi ...... 131 



104. Damage to apple shoots by Aphis ...... 132 



105. Ova of Apple Aphis (Aphis pomi) 133 



106. Apple Aphides 134 



107. Aphis sorbi. Oviparous female. Young stage .... 134 



108. Young Aphides just hatched feeding on apple bud. . . . 135 



109. " Stem Mother " of Aphis sorbi. Kalt. (greatly enlarged) . . 136 



110. Aphis sorbi. Larva from viviparous female ..... 137 



111. Aphis fit chii. Nymph, showing extruding young (greatly enlarged) 138 



112. Aphis fitchii (viviparous female), showing larval Ichneumon within 138 



113. Ovum of Aphis fitchii laid in branch crevice (greatly enlarged) . 138 



114. Aphis fitchii on apple shoot ....... 139 



115. A parasite of the Apple Aphis ....... 140 



