58 Insect Pests. 



large trees, where ordinary banding would be very troublesome. In 

 the Evesham district of Worcestershire the practice seems to be to 

 smear the grease directly on the tree. This plan is most injurious 

 and very slovenly. Trees so treated were noticed to have the bark 

 unhealthy. 



Spraying fur Winter Moth is often necessary where banding has 

 been badly carried out or where it has not been practised. For these 

 caterpillars Paris green was once largely used, but owing to its 

 frequently scorching the leaves many growers did not continue 

 its use. 



Arsenate of lead is by far the best substance to use for this pest. 

 The two formulae are given in the appendix, but since we can now 

 obtain this poison made up as Swift's Arsenate of Lead Paste we had 

 better employ this, as errors in mixing make this wash harmful, but 

 never as bad as Paris green. 



The arseuate of lead should be put on as a fine spray as soon 

 as the leaves commence to show. The young caterpillars are then 

 killed before they have done any damage. A second spraying is 

 often necessary in the case of apples and pears ; this should not be 

 later than ten days after the blossom has fallen ; at this time any 

 remaining Winter Moth, Mottled Umber and March Moth larvre are 

 poisoned, and also the Codling Moth prevented, and many other leaf- 

 eating forms at the same time are destroyed. 



The employment of poultry in a plantation is certainly very 

 beneficial in regards to checking Winter Moth, and some growers- 

 have found pigs of equal benefit. It is not at all unusual to see the 

 latter in Kent orchards. 



Spraying with winter washes is quite useless for preventing this 

 pest. 



REFERENCES. 



(1) Carpenter, G, H. Injurious Insects and Other Animals observed in 



Ireland during 1905. Eco. Proc. Roy. Dub. Soc. I., pt. 8, p. 329* 

 (1906). 



(2) Ormerod, E. A. ' Handbook of Insects Injurious to Orchard and Bush 



Fruits,' p. 158 (1898). 



THE MOTTLED UMBER MOTH. 



(Hybernia dc/oliaria. Linn.) 



The caterpillars of this moth work in a similar way to those of the 

 Winter Moth, but they more frequently attack the fruit. Mr. W. 

 Bear forwarded some small apples from Hailsham in 1900, which 



