72 



Insect Pests. 



[F. Edenden. 



FIG. 67. A CODLING MAGGOT IX APPLE. 



transparent is it that we can observe 

 the little caterpillar being formed 

 inside.* 



Only one egg as a rule is placed 

 on each apple, and as a single 

 female may lay over one hundred 

 eggs we see what great harm a 

 small number of these little moths 

 may do in a garden or orchard. 



As soon as the little caterpillar 

 escapes out of its egg-shell it crawls 

 over the apple, and when it comes 

 to the " eye " it has reached the first 

 stage of its journey. During the 



first week or ten days after the apple blossom has fallen, the separate 



parts surrounding the eye (the calyx) remain pointing outwards, but 



later on close up to some extent over the eye. In either case the 



small larva can easily enter. At first it feeds upon the tissue of the 



eye and then commences its passage deep into the pulp of the fruit. 



Its first objective seems 



to be the core, and during 



its tunnelling operations 



it forces its excrement 



(called " frass ") out of 



the small hole of entry 



at the eye. Thus we can 



detect a struck apple in 



its early stages by the 



wet brown matter oozing 



from the top. Later on 



the culprit forms a further 



tunnel to the exterior, 



opening as a large round 



hole at the side, bottom 



or even summit of the 



fruit. From this opening 



* The first full account of 

 the egg was given by Slinger- 

 land. Bull. 142. Cornell 

 University Agricultural Ex- 



periment Station, U.S.A., FIG. 68. APPLES ATTACKED BY CODLING MAGGOT. 



fig. 131, Jan. 1898. (Slightly reduce d.) 



