Insects Injurious to the Apple. 



73 



more wet frass is ejected, as long as the maggot remains within the 

 fruit. Some little while , after this opening has been formed, the 

 mature stage of the larva is reached. The caterpillar is then about 

 ^ inch long, pale pinkish in colour, with a few scattered hairs and 

 brown head. 



Sometimes the larvae are creamy white, at others a deep pink. 

 This latter colour I have particularly noticed in those coming from 

 abroad. 



The time has now come for leaving the fruit. This they do in 

 two ways : the majority 

 lower themselves to the 

 ground, if the fruit has 

 not fallen, others crawl 

 out of the apple and down 

 the branches. Those that 

 fall to the ground re- 

 ascend the tree trunks, 

 and make their way 

 under the first shelter 

 they come to. If it is 

 in an old orchard they 

 crawl under the rough 

 bark, or the moss and 

 lichens growing upon the 

 trees ; if it is a young 

 orchard, or one kept 

 very clean, they get 

 under such protection 

 as the sacking used to 

 prevent the string, by 

 which the young trees 

 are held to stakes, from 

 cutting the bark, or 

 between the forks of the 

 branches. 



In these sheltered spots the larva? spin rough cocoons, often 

 mingled with wood chips when formed under the bark. The silken 

 cocoons are sometimes dusky white, sometimes brown. In these 

 cases the larvae cast their skin in the spring and change to chestnut- 

 brown pupse, from which the moths ultimately hatch. 



As a rule, we have only one generation of Codling Moth during 

 the year, but there may be two. For a long time there has been an 



[W. H. Hammond. 



FIG. 69. APPLES ATTACKED BY SCAB FUNGUS. 



Often mistaken for insect damage. 

 (Half natural size.) 



