Insects Injurious to the Apple. 



89 



them as early as this. Specimens sent by Mr. Bear were taken on the 

 2nd of August. Mr. Bear sent quite a new observation, namely, that 

 when the moths were disturbed he found they fell to the ground with 

 folded wings and could be easily caught. As in all this genus, the 

 female deposits her eggs on small twigs, in circular patches about one 

 and a half lines in diameter ; these egg-masses are then covered over 

 with a glutinous substance which is at first yellow, but which 

 gradually becomes brown, until they resemble the colour of the bark 

 upon which they are situated. They are laid in groups of fifty to 

 eighty ; they are placed in rows which overlap one another like tiles 

 on the roof of a house. These eggs hatch in the autumn and the 

 minute Lirvse remain under this case now composed of a glutinous 

 substance and debris of egg-shells. As many as two to six dozen 

 larvte form each group and 



[Horace Knight. 



FIG. 79. OVA OF Hyponomeuta malinella. 

 (Natural size and enlarged.) 



there they remain all through 

 the winter. They are at first 

 of a pale yellow colour with 

 black head and dark succeeding 

 segment and vary in length 

 from one-half to two-thirds of 

 a line. As soon as the buds 

 begin to burst these little larvte 

 escape from the nest and enter 

 the expanding buds and can 

 then be easily found. In May 

 they seem to disappear, but ap- 

 parently have mined their way 

 into the soft parenchymatous 

 tissue of the leaves, leaving the epidermis untouched. During this 

 period they are said to cause the leaves to become red in patches, and 

 later to become brown, owing to their tunnelling into them. As a 

 rule about a dozen occur in each group on the leaves. As soon as the 

 miners are sufficiently strong they leave the protection of the leaves 

 and feed openly upon them. They may also be found in the developing 

 calyces of the blossoms, and feed likewise upon them. At first they 

 retain their yellow colour, but after becoming free they gradually be- 

 come a dirty ashy-grey spotted with black, and later the ground colour 

 becomes dull yellowish leaden-grey with more prominent black spots. 

 Soon after they vacate the blossoms and young leaves they become 

 gregarious and live for the rest of their larval existence beneath a 

 nest of grey silk spun at first between the folds of a leaf or leaves 

 and later between the twigs. The small leaf nests are found in May. 



