Insects Injurious to the Apple. 91 



which the larvie pupate and from which the moths appear in July and 

 August. The pupal stage lasts about two weeks. 



Marchal (5) also records this species as a pest to almonds in France. 



The Hawthorn and Cherry Little Ermine. 

 (Hyponovneuta padclla. L.) 



This small Ermine Moth feeds normally on hawthorn, often quite 

 defoliating the hedgerows. It also attacks cherry and plum. It is 

 somewhat larger than the apple-feeding malinella, and differs in 

 having the fringe of the anterior wings ash-coloured above, perfectly 

 white below, without any dusky spot. 



It measures about 22 mm. across the open wings. The head, 

 antenna?, and palpi white ; the fore wings white or grey, variable in 

 colour, with three lines of black dots, two of which are close and 

 parallel to the interior margin, the third along the anterior edge, with 

 other black dots near the fringe ; the wings ash-grey below, about the 

 same colour as the upper surface of the inferior wings. A few black 

 spots on the thorax. 



They appear in July and August. 



The life-history is very similar to that of the preceding. The 

 larva is of a dirty whitish-yellow colour, with black head, and two 

 dark spots on the first segment, forming the thoracic shield, and 

 another the anal plate ; thoracic legs black. A median dusky line 

 is present along the back, and on each side two rows of eleven 

 round spots, brown in colour and slightly hairy. 



The pupa is yellow in the middle, brownish-black apically, and 

 the same colour on the wing cases. They live and pupate much as 

 in the former species, but the cocoons are much thinner, so much so 

 that the pupa can be seen within, whilst in H. malinella they are 

 densely white, compact and opaque. They are placed differently 

 also ; for in malinella they are in group-like packets, in this species 

 they are never found in groups, but are more or less isolated, nor 

 is the tent nearly so compact as in the apple-feeding species. 



PREVENTION AND EEMEDIES. 



Washing with arsenates has but little effect upon these pests, 

 owing to their feeding between the silken nests, which protect the 

 leaves from contact with the wash, but it nevertheless does some 

 good, especially where arsenate of lead is used. Whether spraying 

 with caustic alkali wash in winter would kill the young larvae is 



