Insects Injurious to the Apple. 



113 



what brown elytra, legs and clubbed antennae. The thorax is finely 

 punctate, and the elytra have lines of punctate strife. The beetles 

 may appear in April and May, but they certainly more usually occur 

 in June in Kent, and are also said to occur in July. Another brood 

 occurs in October; specimens were bred out from the wood sent by 

 Mr. Lewis Levy in early October in 1906, and some a little later 

 in the year were sent me by Mr. Furley, from Worcestershire. 



It thus looks as if we had three broods during the year, to some 

 extent overlapping. 



The beetles bore 

 into the wood to de- 

 posit their eggs: they 

 tunnel upwards along 

 the bark a little way, 

 and then into the 

 bark. They then form 

 a tunnel often nearly 

 an inch long, between 

 the bark and the wood, 

 the sculpturing being 

 more pronounced on 

 the latter than the 

 former. These 

 so - called " mother - 

 galleries " are almost 

 straight, and pass up 

 the tree, and along 

 their sides the females 

 lay their eggs. The 

 length of the egg stage 

 has not been followed, 

 but in a few days 

 small white footless 

 larva? appear, and tunnel outwards from the parent gallery. When 

 mature the larva? pupate at the end of their galleries, often forming a 

 deepened chamber into the wood. The beetles then escape through 

 the bark, and leave behind the innumerable small shot holes. 



There have been counted some fifty larva? coming from one 

 " parent gallery " : how many more may occur is not known. 



The winter seems to be passed mainly in the larval stage under 

 the bark of the trees, and thus damage is done during the whole 

 year. 





[F. Edenden. 



FIG. 94. WORK OF THE BARK BEETLE (ScolytUS rugilloSW). 



A, beetles. (Natural size.) 



