198 



Insect Pests. 



the larval cases commence to appear, which form a kind of shell 

 which entirely encloses the larva? in later life. 



The larva is reddish- brown to almost orange in colour, with a 

 dark brown shiny head, the anal region darkened, the skin wrinkled ; 

 length less than inch. The larval case (Fig. 151) is dark brown to 

 black, pistol shaped, with a white border around the mouth of the 



case, slightly swollen at the 

 sides, partially snail - like 

 (helicoid) and much wrinkled. 

 This case is narrow and 

 more curved when young. 

 The larvae may be found from 

 August through the winter 

 to June. They hatch out 

 from eggs laid in August and 

 on to the early part of Septem- 

 ber and soon form a house, 

 and continue feeding into the 

 autumn as long as possible. 

 They pass the winter attached 

 by silken strands to the twigs 

 and shoots of the trees, gene- 

 rally in a half-grown state. In 

 early spring they commence 

 to feed on the buds and unfolding leaves. Pupation takes place 

 inside the " case-house " ; the pupa is pale brown, and lasts in 

 that condition for three, four or more weeks. Before the moth 

 emerges the pupa is forced partly out of the case and the sides of 

 the case burst. 



NATURAL ENEMIES. 



Numerous small hymenoptera are parasitic on this moth. In 

 one instance, namely, at Sellindge, the Rev. S. Patrick found that 

 nearly every case was parasitised. Lintner (2) also refers to a 

 Chalcid parasite of C. malivorella. 



REMEDIES. 



Spraying with arsenate of lead. This should be done in autumn 

 after a bad attack to prevent the larvae from damaging the young 

 leaves, buds, etc., in the following spring. 



REFERENCES. 



(1) Theobald, F. V. Journal S. E. Agricultural College, Xo. 6, p. 9 (1897). 



(2) Lintner, J. A. First Report on Injurious and Other Insects of the State 



of New York, p. 163 (1882). 



[F. Edenden. 

 '.. AX APi'LK CASE-BEAKER (Coleophora sp.) 



AT X AXD MOTH. 



(Aii allied insect found on apple.) 



