Insects, etc., Injurious to the Pear. 333 



first they ave white, but become greenish when half grown, with a 

 darker green dorsal line. 



There are four pairs of curious lateral processes. Length when 

 mature about ^ inch. 



When mature they crawl out of the leaves, and in August and 

 September they spin a cocoon 

 in various crevices on the trees 

 and even on the soil. 



The cocoons, of pure white 

 silk, are pointed at each end, 

 and are edged with loose white 

 threads ; there may be a distinct 

 ridge along the middle. The 

 pale brown pupa is somewhat 

 flattened. The insect remains 

 in this stage all the winter. 



Besides apple and pear, this Tineid also occurs on sloe, hawthorn 

 and mountain ash. 



PREVENTION AND TREATMENT. 



At present there is little that can be said under this heading. 

 Mr. Hart found spraying with paraffin and soft soap of no use, but 

 he wrote to me that, after using arsenate of lead, " the attack has not 

 been bad. though after the creature has got between the two layers 

 of the leaf, I venture to think it is safe. 



" But just before the egg is deposited on the back of the leaf, and 

 especially if still there, I think it is effectual." 



As soon as the little moths are seen we should spray with this 

 wash. Heavy dressings of soot and lime under attacked trees has 

 been found of service, and in gardens hand-picking the mined leaves 

 should be undertaken. 



PiEFERENCES. 



(1) Theobald, F. V. Journal South Eastern Agricultural College, No. 8, p. 21 



(1899). 



(2) Stainton, G. H. ' Natural History of the Tineina,' vol. I., p. 328 (1855). 



(3) Curtis, J. Gardeners' Chronicle, vol. I., p. 261. 



(4) Westwood, J. O. Gardeners' Magazine of Botany, vol. III. 



(5) Goeze. ' Naturforschr.,' vol. V., p. 62 (1775). 



(6) Westwood, J. O. Cottage Gardener, vol. II., p. 53 (1849). 



