370 Insect Pests. 



remain in their galleries for several weeks before they make their 

 exit. 



Schmidberger describes how the parent remains in the tunnel 

 until all her offspring are mature. 



There appear to be two generations, the second egg-laying taking 

 place in August and September. 



PREVENTION. 



All attacked trees should be cut and burnt in winter. Trees near 

 by should be treated so as to prevent attack. This may be done by 

 thickly smearing the trunks with some non-noxious substance, such 

 as clay and lime or, if there is no stock, a mixture of clay and arsenate 

 of lead. 



In America soft soap reduced to a thick paint by the addition of 

 a strong solution of washing soda is applied to the bark (3) (Saunders' 

 wash), but we find there is often damage done by this, and the 

 former is therefore to be advised. Soft soap and carbolic is also 

 recommended (vide Scolytus rugulosus, p. 111). 



Using attacked trees as " trap " trees and destroying them is the 

 most important step we can take to keep down this beetle. 



REFERENCES. 



(1) Ormerod, E. A. ' Handbook of Insects Injurious to Orchard and Bush 



Fruits,' p. 185 (1898). 



(2) Kollar, Vincent. ' Treatise on Insects' (Eng. Trans.), p. 254 (1847). 



(3) Fleiclier, J. Report of the Entomologist, Department of Agriculture, 



Canada, p. 28 (1887). 



(4) Hubbard, H. G. Ambrosia Beetles of the United States. Some Mis- 



cellaneous Results of the Work of the Division of Entomology, U.S. 

 Dept. Agri., p. 24 (1887). 



(5) Eiclilioff, W. ' Die Europaischen Borken Kafer, Kaiserl-Oberforster in Mul- 



hausen, Elsass.' Berlin (1881). 



THE FLAT-CELLED SHOT BORER. 

 (Xylclcrus xylographus, Say, or Xyleborus saxeseni, Eatz.) 



This beetle works in a very similar way to the preceding, but 

 the brood chambers are broad and fl at instead of being cylindrical as 

 in the former species. 



It is a widespread insect, occurring over most of Europe, the 

 Canary Islands, North America and Japan. It feeds on a great 

 variety of plants, including apple, pear, plum, oak, beech, birch, lime, 



