Insects Injurious to the Raspberry. 419 



After a bad attack the canes should be cut right back and burned, 

 and thus many more are destroyed. 



There still remain those that hibernate in the ground and under 

 rubbish, these may anyhow be lessened by deeply forking the 

 ground round the canes, or prong-hoeing it, and then spreading soot, 

 lime and ashes around the base of the canes in spring and hoeing it in. 



Those that hibernate in the crown of the stock, and near it and 

 under rubbish, may also be destroyed as mentioned by Dr. Chapman, 

 namely, by raking away the surface and then earthing the stock up 

 again. This would do very well on a small scale, but would be a 

 troublesome procedure in large plantations. 



It has also been suggested that where a few canes only are 

 allowed to remain, that these should be smeared with soft soap 

 with a brush upon the lower part of each cane in March, so as to 

 catch the larvae in their ascent. If this were done, it should be 

 applied some way up the canes, so as to catch those that have 

 hibernated under the rind. To be of any use, the mixture should be 

 smeared on early in March and renewed in two weeks. Mr. Martin 

 of the Toddington Fruit Plantations has found smearing an excellent 

 preventive. There is no reason why arsenical spraying should not 

 be helpful in this attack. Two good sprayings with arsenate of lead, 

 one as soon as the larvae are likely to be appearing, and another about 

 a week after the first, would probably poison the caterpillars on 

 eating their way into the buds. Arsenate of lead will remain on the 

 plant some time. 



EEFERENCES. 



(1) Westwood, J. 0. Gardeners' Chronicle, p. 757 (1853). 



(2) Chapman, Dr. Entomologists' Monthly Magazine. June 1891, p. 169. 



(3) Theobald, F. V. The Animal Pests of the Raspberry. Journal S. E. Agri. 



Coll. No. 13, June (1904). 



(4) Ormerod, E. A. ' Handbook of Insects Injurious to Orchard and Bush 



Fruits,' p. 206 (1898). 



(5) Whitehead, Sir C. Insects Injurious to Fruit Crops. Agri. Dept. Privy 



Council, p. 75 (1886). 



OTHER LEPIDOPTERA FEEDING ox THE BASPBERRY. 



None of the moths in this list have ever been known to do any 

 harm, but now and again the larvae are sent in because of their 

 devouring a small quantity of the foliage. 



The Buff Arches (Thyatira derasa) ; normal food bramble. Larva 

 dark brown, with a white spot on each side of the fifth, sixth and 

 seventh segments ; occurs in September ; the moth in June and July. 



The Peach Blossom Moth (Thyatira batis) occurs on blackberry, 



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