Insects Injurious to the Raspberry. 433 



and with six brown jointed legs in front ; the head is large, brown, 

 provided with strong biting jaws. When mature they attain the 

 length of 1A inch. This stage lasts three years. Although these 

 white grubs are sluggish when removed from the soil, they move with 

 ease when in it, especially if the soil is light and friable. They do not 

 feed at any depth, but, like wireworm, they pass deeper into the soil 

 when the land is frozen. They gnaw the roots, both young and old, 

 and frequently work their way right into the centre of the mass of 

 raspberry roots and remain feeding there until the plant is killed. 

 At the end of their third year, usually in the early spring, sometimes 

 in the preceding autumn, they reach maturity, burrow deep into the 

 earth, make a smooth-lined cell and change into the pupa, which is 

 pale brown in colour. 



The larvse of this species may be distinguished from the other 

 two allied pests by the mandibles having a granulated area where 

 the dark and pale parts of the jaws unite. 

 The beetles hatch from the pupse some little 

 time before they appear above ground. 



PREVENTION AND TREATMENT. 



The beetles may easily be collected in 

 raspberry plantations by beating or shaking 

 them off the canes during the daytime on 



to tarred boards ; great numbers may be " 283. LARVA OF COCK 

 collected in this way, just as the Easpberry (immature.) 



Weevils are. 



The larvae at the roots are more difficult to get at. Hoeing in 

 soot and lime has been said to do good, but it is very uncertain 

 in action. 



Vaporite is now well known to destroy these white grubs and 

 may safely be recommended for this purpose. 



THE SUMMER OR SMALL CHAFER. 

 (JRhizotrogus solstitialis. Fabr.) 



The Summer or Small Chafer in some years and in some dis- 

 tricts is more abundant than the Large or Cock Chafer. It Likewise 

 damages the foliage of the raspberry and other fruit, and also eats 

 the blossoms. 



The beetle (Fig. 282) is variable in size, some being f inch long, 

 others slightly less ; it is very like the Cock Chafer, but smaller, 



2 v 



