Insects Injurious to the Raspberry. 437 



dorsal median line ; the sides pale greyish-green, commencing just 

 above the dark spiracles ; there are two dark patches just above each 

 proleg, the lower the larger, the upper smaller one is anterior ; these 

 also occur on the fourth and twelfth segments, but are smaller ; legs 

 pale greenish-grey with dark apices ; prolegs pale ; the last two 

 segments show a yellowish tinge and some minute spines. The 

 skin is much wrinkled (Cameron says : " Beset with small shining 

 white tubercles "). Where the first brood pupates we do not 

 know. 



The larvae occur again in the summer and early autumn (i.e., from 

 the end of July until October). 



Those under observation had all pupated, or rather spun up, in the 

 hollows of the raspberry stems that had been cut back. When they 

 attack the rose they usually pupate in the branches. The larvae spia, 

 in the hollo wed-out pith cavity, a semi-transparent parchment- like 

 grey to dull olive-green 

 cocoon in which they re- 

 main all the winter. In 

 March or April the larvae 

 pupate within the cocoon. 



The larvae and adult 

 seem subject to much 

 variation in colour, the 



latter especially in regard FIG 286 ._ LARVA OF 



to the legs. 



This sawfly occurs in Germany, Austria, Hungary, France, 

 Switzerland, Holland, Sweden, Eussia, and Eastern Siberia, and, I 



believe, Finland. 



NATUKAL ENEMIES. 



A large Ichneumon, Cryptus emphytorum, Boie, is parasitic on 

 this insect. An Ichneumon hatched out on the 19th of March from 

 the material sent by Mr. Bickham. Its head, thorax and abdomen 

 are shiny black ; the head and pleurae are clothed with pale pubes- 

 cence ; the legs are deep brick-red ; the antennae black with a median 

 creamy-yellow band ; the hyaline wings have a deep brown stigma 

 and a small creamy-white spot at the base. 



Should this turn out to be a harmful insect in Herefordshire, it 

 could easily be controlled by heavy spraying with hellebore wash or 

 arsenate of lead to kill the last brood in the autumn. Those that 

 occur in the spring, if this were done, would do but little damage, 

 as they would be few in number. It would be well, however, to 

 destroy any that are seen then as well. 



