440 Insect Pests. 



REFERENCES. 



(1) Theobald, F. V. Journal South Eastern Agri. Coll., No. 7, p. 15 (1898). 



(2) Ormerod, E. Eighth Report on Injurious Insects, p. 80 (1884). 



(3) Theobald, F. V. 'An Account of British Flies,' vol. L, p. 88 (1892). 



THE RASPBERRY APHIDES. 



(Siplionopliora ruin, Kalt., and S. chelidonii, Kalt.) 



Two species of aphides frequently occur on the raspberry. In no 

 case have I heard or seen any appreciable damage done by these 

 insects. They can easily be checked should they increase in large 

 numbers by spraying with quassia and soft soap. 



The Raspberry Aphis. 

 (Siphonophora rubi. Kalt.) 



By far the commoner of the two is Siphonophora ruM of Kalten- 

 bach, which is sometimes quite numerous in May and June on the 

 under surface of the leaves of both the wild (Ruins idccv.s) and 

 cultivated raspberries. To some extent they curl up the leaves, 

 but never to such an extent as to do any appreciable damage. 

 Nevertheless they may at any time increase to such an extent that 

 they become destructive. This insect occurs in Kent, Gloucester- 

 shire, Devon, Surrey and Worcestershire. 



LlFE-HlSTOKY. 



The apterous viviparous female is \ inch long ; oval, shining 

 green and hairy, with red eyes ; long curved cornicles, dilated at 

 their bases, their middle and apices. The legs are green, except 

 for the black tarsi. They may be found on the raspberry in May 

 and June and seem to reproduce but slowly. I have found them 

 in the curled apical leaves and on the lower leaves as well. This 

 form also occurs on the blackberry, and according to Buckton (1) 

 later in the year on broom. 



The pupa is much like the above, but I have noticed a darkening 

 at the tip of the cornicles. Winged viviparous females occur now 

 and again in summer. In colour they are entirely green, with red 

 eyes and ocelli, slightly hairy, and with long antenna? and legs. 

 They are quite active on the wing on warm bright days, and soon 

 commence to produce living young, but this they do slowly. One 

 kept under observation gave rise to four in a week. They breed 



