486 



Insect Pests. 



cyanide, 1^ oz. sulphuric, 2 oz. water to every 1,000 cubic feet of 

 space, three machines being used. 



This was found to kill the mealy bug near the machines, but 

 although fans were kept constantly going, some were alive between 



the fumigation centres. 



At sufficient strength the 

 eggs also can be killed, and 

 it is best to use this strength, 

 but only on dormant vines. 



The proportions are for 

 every 100 cubic feet, to oz. 

 of potassium cyanide or ^ to 

 1 oz. of sodium cyanide, and 

 for each ounce of cyanide 

 1 liquid ounce of sulphuric 

 acid previously diluted with 

 3 to 4 oz. of water. 



For dormant vines the 

 greater strength may be used, 

 but not on the plants when 

 in foliage. 



Besides fumigation, mealy bug may be checked by painting with 

 paraffin or methylated spirit, or with lime, sulphur and paraffin, 

 having previously scraped the wood. 



REFERENCES. 



(1) Cousins, H. Journal S. E. Agricultural College, No. 9, p. 69. April (1900). 



(2) Theobald, F. V. Report on Economic Zoology for the year ending 



April 1st, 1907, p. 82 (1907). 



[J. G. lilakey. 



FIG 315. MALE MEALY BUGS. (X 8.) 



THE PHYLLOXERA. 



(Phylloxera vastatrix. Plane.) 



This most serious vine pest has often been found in Britain 

 on vines under glass. It was known in England in 1863. The 

 Phylloxera of the vine is an American insect, which spread rapidly 

 when once introduced into Europe over France, Portugal, Switzer- 

 land and Germany, and has occasioned enormous loss in France. 

 American vines seem to withstand its attack, but European varieties 

 suffer severely, both in California and in Europe. It has also made 

 its way into Australia and the Cape. The insect is found in two 

 different forms, one on the leaves and another on the roots. The 



