74 Annals of the Philosophical Club 



Wandsworth in 1844. From Harrow he went to Exeter College, 

 Oxford, where he obtained a first-class in Natural Science, and 

 afterwards studied abroad. In 1872 he was appointed to the 

 scientific staff on the Challenger, where he attended to botany as 

 well as zoology, until the vessel returned in May, 1876, when he 

 was elected to a Fellowship at Exeter College, and began to work 

 out the results of the voyage, and wrote that attractive book, 

 A Naturalist on the Challenger. Elected F.R.S. in 1879, he received 

 a Royal Medal in 1887, more especially for his work on the archaic 

 arthropod Peripatus, and a visit to North America in 1877 gave him 

 the opportunity of studying the native races of the north-west coast. 

 In 1 88 1 he was elected to the Linacre Professorship of Anatomy 

 at Oxford, and quickly made his mark as a stimulative teacher, 

 but in 1887 overwork began to tell upon his health, and he died 

 on Nov. loth, 1891. 



On Nov. 27th, 1879, the vacancies caused by the deaths of 

 Professor Clerk Maxwell and Dr. T. Thomson were filled by 

 the election of Professor Lister and Professor M. Foster. 



LORD LISTER, whose work completely revolutionized surgery, was 

 born a member of the Society of Friends at Upton, in Essex, on April 

 5th, 1827, and went from University College, London, where Sharpey 

 was his teacher, to work under Syme at Edinburgh. Becoming 

 Professor of Surgery at Glasgow, he came to the conclusion that 

 the main difficulty in the healing of a wound came from the putre- 

 faction of the discharges, and on the publication of Pasteur's re- 

 searches on the generation of micro-organisms, at once applied their 

 principle to surgery, making use of antiseptics and preventives 

 at every stage in the treatment of a patient. He returned to London 

 in 1873 as a Professor at King's College, where his intellectual no 

 less than his personal qualities made him a leader, and few men 

 have done more for the improvement of hospitals. Elected F.R.S. 

 in 1860, as his father had been and his brother became, he received 

 the Royal and the Copley Medals, and was President from 1895 to 

 1900. Created baron in 1897 an ^ being made O.M. in 1902, he died 

 at his house in London on February loth, 1912. 



PROFESSOR SIR MICHAEL FOSTER was a surgeon's son, born at 

 Huntingdon on March 8th, 1836, and was brought up to his father's 

 profession at University College, London, where he graduated 

 M.B. and M.D. with distinction in 1859. Threatening pulmonary 

 disease drove him to Italy for a time, but with improving health 

 he began to practise at Huntingdon in 1861, then, on gaining reputa- 

 tion as a physiologist, he went back to University College to help 

 Professor Sharpey in practical work, whom he succeeded in 1869. 

 In the following year Trinity College, Cambridge, secured him for 

 that University, where he created a school by his invigorating 



