32 



THE APPLE CULTURIST. 



Fig. 10. another cion. The cion should fit so neatly 

 that the end may be pressed down into the 

 gain as tightly as practicable without lifting 

 the bark of the stock. See that the end of the 

 cion fits well to the bottom of the gain, and 

 also that the shoulder sets down tight on the 

 end of the stock. Several cions should be set 

 in one large stock, like Fig. 10. If the grafting- 

 is performed when the cambium is abundant, 

 almost every cion will live. Let the wounds 

 be covered at once with a coat of wax. In 

 A stock crown mos ^ instances, it will be advisable to wrap 

 side-grafted, several thicknesses of prepared ligament around 

 the stock after a thin coat of wax is applied. 



Spur-grafting. This mode of grafting is practised but 

 little. We have set cions according to this style ; but they 

 are not as likely to live as by side-grafting. Hence it is 

 alluded to simply to show how grafts are set in this manner. 

 Procure a "firmer" chisel, say three-eighths of an inch 

 wide, grind the edge in the form of a round-pointed spear. 

 Drive this instrument perpendiculary down through a grow- 

 ing root of an apple-tree, withdraw it, crowd in a cion hav- 

 ing a wedge-shaped end, cover the wound with wax, and 

 the cion is ready to grow. The tool must be sharp and 

 smooth, so as to make a clean cut; and the cion must be 

 crowded in quickly, before the fissure closes. Let the tool 

 be driven into the limb of a tree in the same manner, and a 

 cion inserted. Cions should be set in this manner when 

 the cambium is abundant. But even under the most fa- 

 vorable circumstances, side-grafting will be found prefera- 

 ble to this method. 



Cleft-grafting. The usual manner of grafting stocks from 

 one to three inches in diameter is illustrated by Fig. 11, p. 

 33. The stock, >, is first sawed off with a fine-toothed saw, 



