PREPARATION OF THE SOIL. 



61 



Fig 37 



Trench-ploughing. Figure 37 represents a transverse 

 section of trench- 

 ploughing, as the 

 ground will appeal- 

 after having been 

 ploughed by such an 

 implement as is il- 

 lustrated on page 57. 



If the land is not SO A section of trench-ploughing. 



stony as to hinder the use of a trench-plough, by adjust- 

 ing it to cut a furrow-slice about twelve or fourteen inches 

 broad, the whole ground may be thoroughly pulverized to 

 a depth of two feet. In order to perform the task well, the 

 plough must cut narrow furrow-slices. 



Under-draining Orchards. Figure 38 furnishes a per- 

 spective of two rows of apple-trees, between which there is 

 a deep tile-drain. When such drains are made, the joints 

 ol the tiles should be covered with collars, and the hardest 



An under-drain between the rows. 



earth should be placed on the tiles, rather than mellow soil, 

 in order to prevent roots of trees from entering the joints, 

 and enlarging to such an extent as to obstruct the water- 

 passage. All under -drains between rows of fruit-trees 

 should be three or four feet deep. 



