LAYING OUT THE GROUND. 73 



ties, like the Westfield Seek-no-further, Northern Spy, and 

 some others, the tops of which are never inclined to spread, 

 like the Torapkins County King. It is an excellent practice, 

 when planting an orchard, to plant varieties that grow erect, 

 alternately, with such trees as have wide-spreading tops. 



Rows at Bight Angles. The diagram herewith given 

 (Fig. 39) will aid the intelligent . Fig. 39. 



pomologist in staking out ground B \ 

 so that the rows will run at right 

 angles, with as much accuracy as if 

 the angle had been formed with a 

 compass. The first step will be 

 to prepare as many stakes as there 

 are trees to be planted. Then set La y in s out a ri s ht an s le - 

 a row of stakes, say thirty-three feet apart, on the front 

 side of the orchard, represented by the line A B. The most 

 convenient way of measuring will be to make a light pole 

 of the desired length, so as to avoid all errors in measuring. 

 Now, to find the correct angle, stretch a chalk line, A B, in 

 the line of the first row of stakes. Then stretch another 

 line, C D, as represented, so that the lines will cross at E, 

 exactly at the desired corner of the plot. Measure with a 

 ten-foot pole on the line A B, six feet from the central in- 

 tersection of the lines at E, and thrust a pin through the 

 line. At eight feet from E, stick another pin through the 

 line C D. If the lines cross each other at a right angle, the 

 measurement will be, as indicated by the diagram, six, eight, 

 and ten feet, from pins to the corner, and from pin to pin. 

 The next step will be to set a row of stakes in the line C 

 D. Fig. 40, page 74, will enable the operator to proceed in 

 setting the remainder of the stakes. Having set all the 

 stakes in the line A B, let them be set also in the line A D. 

 Then lay out the angle A B C, as shown by the diagram, and 

 set the stakes from B to C ; after which, measure the dis- 



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