74 THE APPLE CULTUBIST, 



tances from D to C. and set the 



Fig. 40. ' 



+ * * * * * ,* stakes. A row 01 stakes now ap- 

 pears on every side of the orchard. 

 If the soil is smooth and mellow, 

 the most expeditious way will be 



******* to make a mark by dragging a 



******* heavy chain from one side of the 



orchard to the other ; then set the 



stakes where the marks intersect. 



One person can stake out the 



Rows at right angles. , . ,. . , , 



ground in this manner with the 



most satisfactory exactness. After the stakes are all set, 

 cast the eye along each row, and if any stake is one inch 

 out of the line, let it be adjusted. Another good way, after 

 setting the outside stakes, is to let one person set the re- 

 maining stakes, while two other persons one on each side 

 of the orchard direct where to plant each stake, by sight- 

 ing across the plot, from one outside stake to another. A 

 ten-acre field can be staked out, according to the foregoing 

 plan, in a few hours after the stakes are provided. A good 

 substitute for one-half the stakes would be large corn-cobs 

 stuck in the stake-holes, after the correct point has been 

 found by employing tall stakes. 



Planting Trees in the Quincunx Style. The ancient 

 quincunx style of planting trees consists in setting one tree 

 at the central intersection of two lines crossing each other 

 in a diagonal direction, from four trees set in the form of a 

 hollow square. (See Quincunx, p. 329.) But trees can not 

 be placed so uniformly over the ground when planted in 

 this manner as when set out in the usual way, with rows ex- 

 tending in two directions. The modern quincunx style of 

 planting trees consists in setting them in such a manner 

 that the distance from one to another, throughout the or- 

 chard or vineyard, shall be uniform. In other words, any 



