LAYING OUT THE GROUND, 79 



a part of a circle with his point of the sweep, about where 

 he judges the tree must stand. Now let a carry his end of 

 the sweep to c, and plant the point in the stake-hole, and 

 hold the sweep firmly while the operator at b makes a 

 mark with his point of the sweep across the first mark. 

 Here, then, will be three points indicated with as much 

 mathematical precision as if they had been found by the 

 aid of a surveyor's compass. The beginning is practically 

 as perfect as any piece of work can be ; and if the opera- 

 tors will be careful to plant every stake exactly at the cen- 

 tral intersection of the marks made by the point of the 

 sweep, as at a, b, c, the stakes will all stand in rows satisfac- 

 torily straight when the work of laying out the ground 

 has been finished. Let the person at b thrust the point of 

 the sweep into the ground, and set a stake in the hole. 

 Then carry the end of the sweep to e, and make a circular 

 mark, say four feet in length. Now let one of the points 

 of the sweep be placed in the stake-hole at f, and the place 

 where the circular marks cross each other at e will be the 



Fig. 43. 



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Orchard laid out in the modern quincunx order. 



