82 THE APPLE CULTURIST. 



nail the corners together, 

 as represented by Fig. 44, 

 which will give the same 

 results as laying out by cir- 

 cles, or as directed in the 

 preceding paragraphs. It 

 will be seen that three poles 

 of equal length, placed with 

 the ends together as repre- 

 sented, will give the exact 

 angle for a hexagonal fig- 



A triangular rule for laying out orchards. ure -f Qr an e q u il a t e ral tri- 

 angle, and for the modern quincunx order. Let a piece of 

 plank be nailed in each corner as shown, and a two-inch 

 hole bored at the end of each piece for stakes, and a rule 

 will be produced for laying out ground for trees which any 

 person can use without making mistakes. After a person 

 has used such a rule for a few minutes, he will be pleased 

 with the great convenience of the arrangement. Three 

 straight and smooth stakes will be required one for each 

 hole or corner of the rule. 



We once marked out the ground for grape-vines, in this 

 manner, eight feet apart ; and also the ground for peach- 

 trees, sixteen feet apart, by the assistance of a boy, who 

 quickly learned to set his stakes with satisfactory accuracy. 

 If the operators are careful to measure accurately, there 

 will be no more difficulty in planting trees in the quincunx 

 order than in rows running at right angles. 



To facilitate the labor of getting every tree in the de- 

 sired position, procure a board, b (Fig. 45, represented on 

 the following page), about ten feet long and eight inches 

 wide, and scollop out a half-circle for the stake, a, which 

 stake represents the exact point where the tree is to stand. 

 When the hole is about to be dug, where the stake, a, 



