GENERAL MANAGEMENT OF ORCHARDS. 149 



kind until a good muzzle is se- Fig. 65. 



cured over the mouth, as repre- 

 sented by Fig. 65. A pair of wire 

 muzzles may be obtained at most 

 hardware stores in large cities for 

 about twenty-five cents each, which 

 will be serviceable for an age, if 

 properly taken care of when not 

 in use. Muzzles are usually fast- 

 ened to the bits of a horse's bridle, A wire muzz r s * the nose of a 

 and to the heads of oxen, by tying 



a strong cord to one side of the muzzle, and passing it over 

 the top of the animal's head to the other side. A good 

 muzzle may be made in a few minutes with narrow strips 

 of firm leather. Every intelligent teamster knows so well 

 that he does not need to be told, that most teams will crop 

 off the entire growth of one season at a single bite, when 

 they are passing a tree ; and nothing but good muzzles will 

 prevent such a casualty. 



Harrowing Orchards. Most kinds of harrows are apt to 

 operate roughly when drawn near young trees. Many times, 

 when the driver has made fair calculations for the imple- 

 ment to pass a tree, the opposite side will encounter some 

 obstruction, or hang in the hard soil, and thus be the means 

 of throwing the opposite wing of the implement so forcibly 

 against the body of the tree as to make a large wound. 

 This is especially true of such harrows as have bands of iron 

 near the ends of each arm. To avoid injuring trees, Mon- 

 roe's Rotary Harrow will be found an excellent implement 

 for harrowing orchards, with which it is almost impractica- 

 ble to injure a young tree when the implement is drawn 

 past it, as the point of the harrow that might come in con- 

 tact with the tree will remain stationary against the bark 

 until the implement has passed so far along that every part 



