GENERAL MANAGEMENT OF ORCHARDS. 167 



need extend only two or three inches below the top of the 

 mound. 



Trees blown over. A furious wind frequently turns a 

 large apple-tree over, or blows it so nearly up by the roots 

 that the body stands at an angle of forty-five degrees. If a 

 tree be a valuable one, it may be straightened up at a small 

 expense. If the subsoil is compact where the tree stood, let 

 it be dug up and thoroughly pulverized, the deeper the bet- 

 ter. Then hitch a strong rope or chain to another tree or 

 post, and one end to the tree-top, having a system of tackles 

 between the tree to be set up and the anchor-post. Let the 

 rope pass over the top of two poles, bolted together in the 

 form of a letter A, standing near the tree to be set up. 

 When all things are ready, hitch a team to the slack-rope 

 of the tackles, and set the tree up. Let the top be held 

 erect until it is secured by four strong guy-wires, extending 

 from the top to strong stakes of durable timber set firmly, 

 three feet deep, in solid ground. After two years, if the 

 soil is not too wet and compact, the new roots will have 

 taken such a firm hold that a hurricane could not blow the 

 tree over. 



Manuring Orchards. The land where, some orchards 

 are growing needs to be well manured before the trees are 

 set out; and the surface should be top-dressed every two 

 years. Any thing and every thing may be spread on the 

 surface. Moderate doses of lime, more generous ones of 

 wood ashes, are always profitable. Phosphates of all kinds 

 are useful if buried beneath the surface. Even Peruvian 

 guano, if applied at all, should be slightly dug in, late in 

 the fall, so as to become thoroughly divided by winter 

 rains. Good barn-yard manure spread over the surface of 

 the ground is excellent. But coarse organic manure should 

 not be put in contact with the roots of young trees. The 

 more offal from the slaughter-house one has to put around 



