- EXTERMINATING NOXIOUS INSECTS. 235 



pliances, of whatsoever character, are divisible into two 

 classes; first, those which prevent the ascension of the 

 moth by entangling her feet and trapping her fast, or by 

 drowning her ; and, second, those which accomplish the 

 same end by preventing her getting a foothold, and thus 

 causing her repeatedly to fall to the ground, until she be- 

 comes exhausted and dies. The most economical, efficient, 

 and least troublesome manner of exterminating this pest is 

 to provide numerous bottles of sweetened water, as repre- 

 sented by Fig. 51, p. 117. If two or three such bottles be 

 placed near the foot of each tree, almost every miller will 

 be trapped. The orchardist must know that many of the 

 moths issue in the fall of the year, and that the applica- 

 tions must be made at least as early as the former part of 

 October ; and that the tarred bandages must be kept sticky, 

 through all mild weather, till the leaves have appeared in 

 the following spring. Furthermore, he must know that 

 many of the moths frustrated in their efforts to climb the 

 tree will deposit their eggs near the ground, or anywhere 

 below the tar ; and that the young worms hatching from 

 them are able to pass through a small crevice, or over a 

 fine straw. Thus, if troughs are used, they must be fitted 

 over a bandage of cotton-wool, so that when the trough is 

 drawn tightly around the tree it will do no injury, and 

 will, at the same time, cause the cotton to fill up all inequal- 

 ities of the bark. The joint must likewise be kept smeared 

 either with tar or molasses, and then the worms will not be 

 able to pass. In the neglect to thus fasten them lies the 

 secret of failure which many report who use such troughs. 

 Young worms can march over the smoothest glass by the 

 aid of the glutinous silken thread which they are able to 

 spin from the very moment they are born. 



It will require much persevering effort, time, labor, and 

 expense to continually renew the applications of tar on ev- 



