254 THE APPLE CULTUMItiT. 



is a singular fact that, before these eggs will hatch, there 

 must have already been sufficient warm weather to expand 

 the buds and develop small leaves. The young caterpillars 

 are usually ready to devour the tender leaves as soon as the 

 latter are of sufficient size for the depredators to get a bite. 

 These Iarva3 grow rapidly when they can reach a liberal 

 supply of young leaves. As soon as they fill themselves 

 they return to the nest, and rest until their food is digested 

 and a quantity of webbing material has been concocted, 

 when they spin and weave up all their warp and woof, and 

 then hasten away to feed again on the leaves. During cold 

 nights and stormy days they collect in the nest, or where 

 the nest is being built, and resist the storm as well as they 

 can. They should never be permitted to build such a nest 

 as is here represented, as their ravages are exceedingly in- 

 jurious to the growing tree, especially to its fruitfulness. 

 If unmolested, these caterpillars will soon become large and 

 fat, and most of them will leave the nest and enter the pupa 

 state, d, and some will crawl on fences a long distance. 



As soon as their career in the larva state is run, each one 

 spins a covering around its body, in some secluded place 

 where storms can not beat upon it, as shown at d, which is 

 a cocoon containing the chrysalis, or parent insect, in the 

 pupa state. During the months of July and August, these 

 cocoons may be seen beneath pieces of bark, on fences, at- 

 tached to gate-posts or out-buildings. If all such cocoons 

 be destroyed, no larvae (caterpillars and moths) would be 

 seen the next season. If the cocoons d, in the illustra- 

 tion are not disturbed, the parent insect, in the form of a 

 large miller, as already stated, will soon emerge, and com- 

 mence the task of its little life laying the eggs, c. 



In some sections of country, during the middle and lat- 

 ter part of summer, some orchards and vineyards seem to 

 be alive with moths and millers of the kind alluded to, a 



