Fig. 132. 



GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF POMOL OOY. 319 



Fig. 134. 



Fig. 133. 



Oblate-conical. 



Ribbed. 



Fig. 138. 



russet, striped, streaked, and several other adjectives, are employed when describing 

 apples. 



Arbor, a tree, a perennial plant, the top, stem, and branches of which do not 

 die annually, like the stem of an herb, 

 Arborescent, approaching the size and height of a tree. 

 Arboriculture, the art of propagating and cultivating trees and shrubs. 

 Armed, having thorns, spikes, or prickles. 



Aromatic, having a spicy flavor or fragrance. 

 Ascending, rising from the ground in an oblique direction. When 

 branches curve upward, like Fig. 138, they are said to be ascending. 

 Aspect, in the sense in which it is employed in pomology, signi- 

 fies the slope of f he land where an orchard is growing. When an 

 orchard is planted on the north side of a hill, where the surface 

 slopes to the north, we say the orchard has a northern aspect. 

 If the surface slopes to the south or to the east, a southern or 

 eastern aspect. Of course, when the land is level, the orchard will 

 have 710 aspect. 



Assimilate. The leaves of a tree change the crude sap into prop- 

 er material for developing and building up every part, which is 

 called assimilating, or digesting and concocting the plant-food. 

 Assurgent, rising in a curve from a declined base. 

 Axil, the angle between a leaf and a stem, or branch, on the up- 

 per side. 



Axis, the central stem, or peduncle ; a central line extending from 

 the base of an apple to the calyx. It sometimes signifies the 

 elongated part of a petiole, upon which flowers appear. 

 Bark, the rind or covering of the woody parts of a tree. The bark of trees is 

 composed of three distinct layers, of which the outermost is called the epidermis, 



ling fori 

 inches. 



