GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF POMOLOGY. 



323 



Fig. 146. 



pumpkin-seeds, apple-seeds, and many others, have two lobes, and are denomi- 

 nated dicotyledonous, because the two lobes of the seeds split apart during the 

 process of germination ; and each lobe appears on the end of the stem as a leaf. 

 The lobes of the dicotyledonous seeds are flat on the inside, and convex on the 

 outside. (See Fig. 1, p. 21.) 



Crab-apple (Pyrus coronaria), is a wild apple-tree that produces small apples, 

 very hard and exceedingly sour. The color of the fruit is usually a yellowish- 

 white. The Crab-apple of Siberia, or the Siberian Crab-apple, is a hardy variety 

 that may be cultivated in almost any locality, fc>r the great beauty of the fruit, if 

 for no other purpose. In some instances we have known this 

 variety cultivated for market. 



Crenate. This term is applied to leaves the edges of which are 

 scalloped into rounded teeth. 



Crown, the apex of an apple opposite the stem. (See Apple.) 

 Curculio, a general term for coleopterous insects, the larvae of 

 which destroy fruit. (See illustration, p. 238.) 



Deciduous, falling at certain periods, like the leaves of apple- 

 trees, which fall every autumn. 



Disk, the face, or surface, of a leaf; also, the face, or central 

 part of a head of compound flowers. 



Diverging, applies to such branches of a tree as grow at about 

 an angle of forty-five degrees from the stem. The Ribston Pip- 

 pin-tree furnishes an example of diverging branches. Fig. 146 

 shows diverging branches. 



Dotted, covered with dots that are distinct and separate from 

 each other. 



Doucin (erroneously Doucain), signifies a variety of the dwarf- 

 apple. The Doucin stock forms an apple-tree larger than the Paradise stock, 

 but not so large as the common standard apple-trees. Dwarf apple-trees are pro- 

 duced by grafting the common apple into Doucin stocks, or into Paradise stocks. 

 Drooping, when the limbs of a tree fall below a horizontal line. 

 Drupe, stone fruit, a fleshy, spongy pericarp, like a plum, inclosing a hard pit. 

 Embryo. The embryo of an apple-seed consists of the rudimentary plantler, 

 caulicle, radicle, or plumule. The plumule shoots upward, and the radicle down- 

 ward. Fig. 147 ^ ^ _ . . 



Di verging br 



Fig. 147. 



Fijr. 149. 



Fijr. 151. 



section of a seed of 

 a peony, in which is 

 shown a small em- 

 bryo. Fig. 148 is 

 the same embryo de- 

 tached and magni- 

 fied. Fig. 149 is a 

 section of a seed of 

 barberry, showing 

 the embryo in the 

 middle of the albu- 

 men. Fig. 150 is the 

 embryo separated 

 from the albumen. 

 Fig. 151 is a section 

 of potato-seed show- 

 ing the embryo coil- 

 ed in the albumen. Fig. 152 represents the embryo separated from the albumen. 

 Fig. 153 shows a section of the Four-o'clock with the embryo coiled around the 

 outside of the albumen. Fig. 154 is the embryo detached. The foregoing illus- 

 trations are copied, by permission, from " Gray's Botany." 



