330 



THE APPLE CULTUtilST. 



Spreading branches. 



it-spurs. 



Fipr.168. 



Fig. 165. Spreading, applied to the Fig. 166. 



growth of branches of such 

 trees as approach a horizontal 

 direction, as shown by Fig. 165. 

 The Rhode Island Greening ap- 

 ple-tree and many other varie- 

 ties have spreading branches. 

 Sprouts are small, tall, and 

 thrifty branches growing on 

 the upper side of limbs, and 

 sometimes from the body of 

 an apple-tree. 



Spurs (Fruit - spurs), short, 

 stubbed branches, one to three 

 inches long on the sides of the 

 main branches, having one or 

 more fruit-buds at the end. 

 Fig. 166, at S S, represents fruit-spurs. At B is a 

 fruit-bud. 



Stained, an appearance of somewhat lighter 

 shade than an apple that is colored or blotched. 



Stamen, or Stamens, are the organs of a flower 

 that prepare the pollen. They consist of the anther, a, and the filament, b (Fig. 

 Fie. 167. 167 >' situated between the petals and the pistils. The anther is a lit- 

 tle case filled with dust, called pollen. 



Stem,, or Peduncle, in pomology, the cylindrical branch that sup- 

 ports the fruit. The stem sometimes signifies 

 the body of a bush or tree. 



Stigma, the summit of the style, or the por- 

 tion of the pistil through which the pollen acts. 

 Stock, the stem or branch of either a young or 

 old tree into which a cion or bud is inserted. 



Straggling, applied to the growth of branches, 

 like Fig. 168, which shoot out in almost every 

 conceivable direction, like the branches of the 

 Winter-nelis pear-tree. The forms of growth il- 

 lustrated in this work have been made in accord- 

 ance with those in Downiug's "Fruit-trees of 

 America," and J. J. Thomas's "Fruit Culturist." 

 Striped, when the stripes appear on an apple 

 in alternate broad lines, like the Northern Spy, 

 which is striped beautifully with red. 



Sucker, or Suckers, off-sets, or shoots, either 



from the roots, stems, or branches of a tree. 

 Synonym, another name for the same thing. An apple, for example, often has 

 several synonyms, or different names. 



Tap-root, the large and strong root that extends directly downward into the 

 earth, for the two-fold purpose of strengthening. the position of the growing tree, 

 and keeping it erect during storms and furious winds, and also to supply the 

 leaves with moisture in hot and dry weather. It also exerts an important in- 

 fluence on the life and productiveness of apple-trees. (See Fig. 3, p. 22.) 



Tenacious, adhesive, tough, sticky, or holding fast, or inclined to hold fast or 

 retain a thing. 



Terminal, situated at the very extremity or end. 



Texture, referring to fruit as fine or coarse, tender, granular, or gritty, fibrous, 

 tough, or hard. 



Strangling form of 

 growth. 



