4 8 



APPLIED ANATOMY. 



Galea aponeurotica 



Peric 



Superficia 



Temporal fasci 

 superficial lay 



Superior auricular 

 muscle 



surface to the temporal muscle. Abscess occurring under the temporal fascia, there- 

 fore does not tend to come to the surface, but sinks downward. It is prevented 

 from making its exit on the face below the zygoma by the parotid gland and 

 masseter muscle, so it passes inward to the pterygoid region and may point in the 

 throat or go down into the neck. 



The occipitofrontal aponeurosis, or galea aponeurotica as it approaches ti 

 side of the head becomes thinner and passes down to insert into the top of the 



zygoma so that in the temporal 

 region the layers are as follows : 

 Skin, superficial fascia, galea 

 aponeurotica, two layers of 

 the temporal fascia, temporal 

 muscle, an indistinct perios- 

 teum, and bone. Immediately 

 above the zygoma we have the 

 deep layer of the temporal fascia 

 dividing instead of a single 

 layer as is the case higher up. 

 The temporal fossa contains 



Deep layer //;///f// j/ considerable fat which dis- 



appears in serious illnesses. 

 Disfiguring depressions are also 

 left in this region after opera- 

 tions involving the temporal 

 muscle. 



The temporal artery be- 

 gins opposite the neck of the 

 lower jaw, then passes over the 

 temporomaxillary articulation, 

 lying on its capsule, thence over 

 the zygoma about a centimetre 

 in front of the ear. It lies on 

 the temporal fascia and about 

 4 cm. above the zygoma divides 

 into an anterior and posterior 

 branch. The course of the 

 temporal artery and its anterior 

 branch is usually quite conspic- 

 uous in old people and affords 

 a ready means of ascertaining 

 whether or not the arteries 

 possess the calcareous deposits 

 characteristic of atheroma. The 

 location of the artery in front 

 of the ear should be remem- 

 bered, as the pulse is readily 

 felt there in the administra- 

 tion of anaesthetics. In certain 

 angiomas of the scalp the 

 blood supply may be dimin- 

 ished by ligating the vessel at 

 that point. 



The temporal muscle receives blood from the middle temporal artery which comes 

 from the temporal and perforates the temporal fascia just above the zygoma, and from 

 the anterior and posterior temporal branches of the internal maxillary. The tem- 

 poral fossa is frequently the seat of operations to expose the Gasserian ganglion and 

 the bleeding from these various temporal arteries contributes to their gravity. The 

 auriculotemporal nerve lies slightly posterior to the artery and the vein in front of it. 

 They are not important. 



Division of deep layer 

 of temporal fascia 



Orbital branch 

 temporal arte 



Zygoma 



FIG. 57. Transverse coronal section in the region of the temple, show- 

 ing the various layers. 



