io8 



APPLIED ANATOMY. 



On the posterior portion of the tongue behind the circumvallate papillae, on 

 each side of the median line, is a mass of adenoid tissue which forms what is known 

 as the lingual tonsil. It sometimes becomes hypertrophied and is then cut off with 

 a specially curved tonsillotome just as is done with enlarged faucial tonsils. Run- 

 ning from the base of the tongue to the epiglottis are three folds, called the median 

 and lateral glosso-epiglottic folds. 



In the middle of the dorsum of the tongue is a furrow; this is caused by the 

 septum binding the middle of the tongue down and allowing the muscles to rise on 

 each side. 



On turning the tip of the tongue up (Fig. 135), a fold of membrane, \ho.frcenum, 

 is seen extending from the under surface to the floor of the mouth beneath. In new- 

 born children, this fraenum appears sometimes to be too short, hence the name tongue- 

 tie. In cutting it, the split end of a grooved director is placed over the fraenum 



Posterior nares; 

 turbinated bone 



Fossa of Rosenmuller 

 Eustachian tube 



Faucial tonsil 



Foramen caecum 

 .Lingual tonsil 



Cuneiform tubercle (Wrisberg) 



Corniculate tubercle 

 (Santorini) 



Sinus pyriformis 

 Cricoid cartilage 



FIG. 134. View of pharynx, looking forward; posterior wall removed, showing the posterior nares, base of tongue, 



and opening of the larynx. 



and the tongue pushed back. This makes the fraenum tense and it can readily be 

 snipped with the scissors. Care should be taken not to cut too deeply, or the ranine 

 artery may be cut and cause troublesome bleeding. Running across the floor of the 

 mouth, between the teeth and tongue, parallel to the alveolus, is the sublingual ridge, 

 formed by the subling^lal gland. This gland lies on the mylohyoid muscle beneath 

 and the lower jaw In front. On each side of the fraenum on the sublingual ridge is a 

 papilla into which the duct of the submaxillary gland, Whartori s duct, opens. Open- 

 ing into Wharton's duct, or by a separate duct into the same papilla, is the duct of 

 the sublingual gland, called the duct of Rivinus or Bartholin. The superficial por- 

 tion of the gland opens on the sublingual ridge to the outer side of the papilla by a 

 number of small ducts, called the ducts of Walther. 



Ranula is the name given to a cyst occurring in connection with the salivary 

 glands. Such cysts involving the parotid gland are quite rare, so that the term 



