THE THORAX. 



longer and flatter, the anteroposterior diameter being diminished. The angle made 

 by the lower ribs as they ascend to the sternum is called the costal angle ; this 

 becomes decreased in phthisis. This form of chest is known as the ' 'phthisical chest. ' ' 



Fie;. 194. Barrel chest of emphysema. 



FIG. 195. Flat chest of phthisis. 



When the flatness is marked it is sometimes called the ' 'flat chest. ' ' When the scapulae 

 project like wings it is called " a/ar'' or " pterygoid chest. " 



In Pott' s disease, or caries of the spine, as the kyphosis develops the chest falls for- 



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Fir,. 196. Kyphosis from Pott's disease, or caries FIG. 197. Scoliosis, or lateral curvature of the spine, 

 of the lower thoracic vertebras. The curvature is an 

 angular anteroposterior one. 



ward and its anteroposterior diameter is increased. The abdominal contents are crowded 

 up into the chest and push the sternum and lower ribs forward. Associated with this 

 deformity is oftentimes a lateral deviation of the parts above the site of the disease. 



