THE FOREARM. 317 



the ulnar side of the skin incision. The needle is to be passed between the nerve 

 and artery from the ulnar toward the radial side. 



Ligation in the Lower Third. The relations of the artery are practically the 

 same as in the lower part of the middle third. In the superficial fascia one of the 

 branches of the anterior ulnar vein may be encountered. It should not be mistaken 

 for the artery. The artery lies beneath the deep fascia ; the edge of the flexor carpi 

 ulnaris muscle should be clearly recognized. The deep fascia is apt to have two 

 layers, one passing from the edge of the flexor carpi ulnaris over the flexor sublimis 

 while the other, more superficial, goes more to the anterior surface of the annular 



Radial nerve 



Radial artery 



Brachioradialis muscle 



Radial artery 



Flexor carpi ulnaris muscle 

 Ulnar nerve 

 Ulnar artery 



Flexor carpi ulnaris tendon 

 Ulnar nerve 

 Ulnar artery 



FIG. 330. Ligation of the radial and ulnar arteries. 







ligament. Care is to be taken not to work laterally between these layers but to 

 isolate and recognize the edge of the flexor carpi ulnaris muscle. 



The nerve lies between the tendon and artery, which latter has venae comites. 

 The needle is to be passed from the ulnar toward the radial side. 



NERVES OF THE FOREARM. 



Injuries of the large nerves of the forearm are followed by much disability. 

 When these nerves are divided in wounds it is desirable to unite the ends imme- 

 diately. The reunion of nerve-trunks which have been divided some time previously 

 is also occasionally necessary. 



