THE FOREARM. 



327 



Amputation Through the Upper Third. The radial artery is to be looked 

 for near the surface under the deep fascia, just beneath the edge of the brachioradialis 

 muscle. 



The ulnar artery lies between the superficial and deep flexor muscles somewhat 

 toward the ulnar side of the median line. 



The volar interosseous artery lies in front of the interosseous membrane. 



The dorsal interosseous lies between the superficial and deep muscles on the back 

 of the forearm more toward the ulnar side. 



The median nerve is to be sought in the middle line of the forearm below the 

 superficial flexor muscles. 



The ulnar nerve lies to the ulnar side of the ulnar artery on a level with it and 

 beneath the flexor carpi ulnaris muscle. 



Amputation Through the Middle Third. The radial artery lies beneath 

 the deep fascia in front of the radius along the inner edge of the brachioradialis. 



Superficial layer 

 of flexor muscles 



Ulnar artery 



Ulnar nerve 

 Deep layer of 

 flexor muscles 



Anterior (volar) interosseous 

 artery and nerve 



Ulna 



Flexor carpi radialis 

 Radial artery 



Median nerve 



Brachioradiaiis (supinator longus) 



Radial nerve 



Pronator radii teres 

 Extensor carpi radialis longior 



Radius 



Extensor carpi radialis brevior 



Extensor muscles of fingers 

 FIG. 337. Amputation about the middle of the forearm. 



The ulnar artery here becomes more superficial and lies beneath the radial edge 

 of the flexor carpi ulnaris muscle. 



The volar interosseous is found lying on the anterior surface of the interosseous 

 membrane or the thin edge of the flexor profundus. 



The dorsal interosseous lies posterior to the membrane between the superficial 

 and deep extensor muscles. 



The median nerve is directly in the midline beneath the flexor sublimis and 

 above the flexor profundus digitorum. 



The ulnar nerve lies to the radial side of the ulna, to the ulnar side of the ulnar 

 artery, and under the flexor carpi ulnaris muscle (Fig. 337). 



Amputation Through the Lower Third. The radial artery lies beneath 

 the deep fascia between the flexor carpi radialis and brachioradialis. 



The ulnar artery lies to the ulnar side under the deep fascia and at the edge of 

 the flexor carpi ulnaris muscle. 



The volar and dorsal interosseous arteries are too small to require ligation. 



The median nerve lies beneath the palmaris longus muscle. At the wrist it lies 

 beneath the interval between it and the flexor carpi radialis. 



The ulnar nerve is superficial along the edge of the flexor carpi ulnaris and 

 accompanies the ulnar artery along its medial (ulnar) side. 



