REGION OF THE HIP. 501 



horizontal ramus goes to the ilium, while its inferior or descending ramus goes to the 

 ischium. The upper surface of the superior ramus gives origin to the pectineus 

 muscle; it is over this muscle that femoral hernia descends. The symphysis pubis 

 is the junction of the two pubic bones in the median line. The crest is the upper 

 anterior edge and gives attachment to the rectus and pyramidal muscles (for muscular 



Nelaton's line 



Anterior superior sp 



Acetabu! 



Tuberosity of isch 



FIG. 502. Innominate bone, resting on its inner side, to show the wedge-shaped formation of its outer sur- 

 face. The apex of the wedge is Nt'laton's line, running from the anterior superior spine to the tuberosity of the 

 ischium; the anterior plane inclines downward and forward toward the pubis and the posterior plane inclines 

 downward and backward on the ilium. 



attachments see Figs. 438 and 439, page 432). The outer extremity of the crest 

 is the spine of the pubis. To it is attached the inner extremity of Poupart's liga- 

 ment. The obturator foramen, if the body is in an upright position, is just below 

 and a little anterior to the acetabulum; it is closed by a membrane which is incom- 

 plete above to give passage to the obturator vessels and nerve. The outer surface 



Obturator internus and gemelli 



Pyriformis 



Gluteus medius / / 

 Greater trochanter 



Vastus externus 



Crureus 



Attachment of ligamentum teres 

 Edge of articular surface 



Anterior intertrochanteric line 



Lesser trochanter and psoas muscle 



FIG. 503. Anterior view of the upper end of the femur with muscular attachments. 



of the membrane gives origin to the obturator externus muscle and the inner surface 

 to the obturator internus. This latter passes out of the pelvis through the lesser 

 sacrosciatic notch just below the spine of the ischium. Through the greater sacro- 

 sciatic notch, above the spine, comes the pyriformis muscle and great sciatic nerve. 

 The acetabulum is located at the junction of the ilium, ischium, and pubis, and lies 

 a little to the outer side of the middle of Poupart's ligament, with the femoral artery 

 passing- nearer its inner than its outer edge. The obturator foramen is below and a 

 little anterior to the acetabulum when the body is upright and more anterior when it 



