502 



APPLIED ANATOMY. 



is horizontal. The bottom of the acetabulum has a large fossa, to the upper portion 

 of which is attached the ligamentum teres, while the lower portion contains a pad of 

 fat. This fossa opens by a large notch, called the cotyloid notch, on the side toward 

 the obturator foramen; therefore the bony socket is incomplete at this point. 



O. H. Allis has pointed out that a line passing from the anterior superior spine 

 to the tuberosity, called the Roser-Nelaton line, forms the apex of a wedge, the 

 ilium sloping down on one side while the ischium and pubes pass down the other. 

 It divides the innominate bone into two parts, an anterior plane and a posterior plane 

 (Fig. 502). 



The femur has its neck coming off from the shaft at an upward angle of about 

 127 degrees (125 degrees to 130 degrees). The head and neck do not lie in the 

 same transverse plane as the line joining the two condyles, but are inclined slightly 

 forward (about 12 degrees). Therefore the neck passes upward, inward, and a little 

 forward. As the result of deformities or disease, the inclination of the neck to the 

 shaft may be reduced, being 90 degrees or less. This condition is known as coxa 



Attachment of 

 the ligamentum teres 



Edge of articular surface 



Posterior intertrochan 



Gluteus medius 

 Greater trochanter 

 Quadratus femoris 



Lesser trochanter 



Psoas and iliacus 

 Pectineus 



Gluteus maximus 

 Vastus internus 



Linea aspera 



Adductor magnus 

 Vastus externus 

 Adductor brevis 



Adductor longus 



FIG. 504. Posterior view of the upper end of the femur with muscular attachments. 



vara. It may be increased, constituting coxa valga. The articular surface of the 

 head forms slightly more than a hemisphere and has a pit below and posterior to its 

 centre for the attachment of the ligamentum teres. At the outer upper extremity 

 of the neck where it joins the shaft is the greater trochanter. Its tip or most promi- 

 nent point is toward its posterior surface and is just about opposite the centre of the 

 hip-joint. Downward and inward from the greater trochanter, on the inner and 

 posterior surface of the shaft, is the lesser trochanter. Between the trochanters 

 anteriorly and posteriorly run the intertrochanteric lines. The great trochanter and 

 the part immediately below and posterior gives attachment to the three glutei mus- 

 cles, the short rotators (Fig. 504), the pyriformis, the obturators, internus with 

 its two gemelli and externus, and the quadratus femoris. The lesser trochanter 

 gives attachment anteriorly to the psoas and the iliacus and immediately below 

 to the pectineus. 



The anterior intertrochanteric line marks the lower attachment of the capsule; 

 the posterior has inserted into it the quadratus femoris muscle. 



