THE FOOT. 



The external malleolus is more prominent than the internal, smaller, and more 

 pointed. The fibula above for its lower fourth is subcutaneous. The tip of the 

 external malleolus is 2 cm. (^ in.) below and behind the internal. Around its 

 posterior and lower edge run the peroneus longus and brevis tendons. 



The tubercles of the os calcis can be felt posteriorly and at the sides. The 

 external surface can be followed forward, but the internal is buried beneath the 

 soft tissues. Of the two tubercles on its under surface the internal can be felt by 

 firm pressure. 



The tubercle of the scaphoid (navicular) lies on the plantar rather than on the 

 lateral aspect of the bone. It can be felt 4 cm. (i^ in.) below and in front of the 



I '' 



Ankle-joint 



Internal malleolus 



Subastragaloid joint 

 Sustentaculum tali 



Os calcis 



, Internal tubercle of the 

 'os calcis 



Tubercle of the scaphoid 

 FIG. 589. Surface anatomy of the inner side of the ankle. 



internal malleolus. It is the landmark for the tarsal joints on the inner side of the 

 foot. The tibialis posterior muscle runs from it to the posterior edge of the internal 

 malleolus. 



The sustentaculum tali can be found by feeling 2.5 cm. (i in.) below the inter- 

 nal malleolus. It is not very distinct.' 



The tuberosity of the fifth metatarsal bone is the large bony prominence 6 cm. 



in.) below and in front of the external malleolus. It is the guide to the tarsal 



Ankle-joint 

 Astragalus 

 Scaphoid 

 Os calcis 



Internal cuneiform 

 , Middle cuneiform 



External cuneiform 

 irs Cuboid 



Subcutaneous portion of fibula 



External malleolus- 



Peroneal tubercle j 



External tubercle of os calcis. 



Tubercle of fifth metatarsal 

 FIG. 590. Surface anatomy of the outer side of the ankle. 



joints on the outside of the foot. The tendon of the peroneus brevis runs from it 

 to the posterior edge of the external malleolus. 



The peroneal spine (tubercle) can be felt indistinctly as a small bony prominence 

 2.5 cm. (i in.) below and a little in front of the external malleolus. In front of it 

 runs the peroneus brevis and behind it the peroneus longus. 



The Tendons. It is difficult to identify the position of the tendons, espe- 

 cially if one does not know where to look for them. 



The tendo calcaneiis (Achillis) is usually easily recognized, as it can be made 

 tense, even in fat, chubby children, by dorsally flexing the foot. 



