ValerianaceaCy Dipsacaceae loi 



B. Stamens fewer than corolla-lobes. Ovary inferior 

 always with only one fertile loculus with one pendulous 

 ovule. (For A see page 99.) 



Fam. 4. Valerianaceae. Herbs, rarely shrubs, 

 with opposite exstipulate leaves. Inflorescence cymose. 

 Flowers rather irregular. Calyx usually an involute 

 pappus expanding as fruit ripens. Corolla (5) or (3-4), 

 often with pouch or spur. Stamens 1-4. Anthers ex- 

 serted, versatile. Carpels (3), of which one has one 

 pendulous anatropous ovule, the other two empty. 

 Style I. Stigmas 1-3, 



Tribe Valerianeae. Stamens usually 3, more rarely 

 2 or I. 



Calyx obscurely 5-toothed. Stamens 3. 



Valerianella. 



Calyx forming pappus. Corolla-tube pouched at 

 base. Stamens 3. Valeriana. 



Calyx forming pappus. Corolla-tube spurred at 

 base. Stamen i. *Kentranthus. 



Fam. 5. Dipsacaceae. Usually herbs. Leaves 

 opposite, exstipulate. Flowers usually in heads. Outer 

 bracts often forming involucre, ijiner axillant to flowers 

 or absent. Bracteoles forming epicalyx {involucel). 

 Flowers hermaphrodite, mostly zygomorphic. Stamens 

 4 or fewer. Carpels (2), but ovary i-loc with one pendu- 

 lous ovule. Style i. Stigmas 1-2. Fruit indehiscent, 

 enclosed in epicalyx. 



Involucral-bracts very long, rigid. Floral-bracts 

 spinous, longer than flowers. Dipsacus. 



Involucral-bracts short. Floral-bracts short or ab- 

 sent. - Scabiosa. 



