158 



Order LXIX. DIPSACE^. 



Flowers complete, crowded iu heads on a common recep- 

 tacle, surrounded by a general involucre, each flower also 

 seated in a cup-like, diy, persistent involucel. Calyx adnate. 

 Corolla epigynous, tubular ; limb oblique, 4-5-lobed, imbricate 

 in bud. Stamens 4, in the tube, alternate with, the lobes, ex- 

 serted, separate. Ovary inferior, 1-celled ; ovule solitary, 

 pendulous ; style filiform ; stigma simple. Fruit a dry utricle, 

 crowned by the calyx-limb, and enclosed in the cup-like invo- 

 lucel. Seed pendulous, albuminous. — Herbs or undershrubs, 

 with opposite or whorled, often pinuatisect or lyrate, exstipu- 

 late leaves. 



Involucral scales imbricate in several rows. Calyx cup- 

 like or discoid 1. Cephalaeia. 



Involucral scales sub-2-seriate. Caijx-limb crowned 



with 5 bristles 2. Scabiosa. 



1. CEPHALARIA, Schrad. 



Involucre of many imbricated leaves, shorter than the paleae 

 of the receptacle. Involucel 4-angled, 8-furrow^ed, wdth a 

 4-8-toothed crown. Calyx-limb cup-shaped or discoid. Co- 

 rolla 4-cleft. Stamens 4. Fruit 4-sided, crowned by the 

 limb of the calyx, girt by the involucel. — Fl. Cap. iii. p, 41. 



Biennials. Leaves toothed or pinnatifid, rarely entire. Heads of flowers 

 globose ; paleae imbricated, outer ones sterile. Corolla white creamy or 

 lilac. — 5 Cape species, dispersed. 



2. SCABIOSA, Linn. 



Involucre of many leaves, nearly 2-seriate. Eeceptacle 

 wdth paleae. Involucels usually cylindrical, with 8 pit-like 

 depressions, ending in a bell-shaped or rotate, scarious limb. 

 Calyx-limb tapering into a neck above the ovary, and ending 

 in 5 bristles. Corolla 4-5-cleft. Stamens 4. — Fl. Cap. iii. 

 p. 43. 



Perennials or imdershrubs, with variably cut leaves. Flower-heads flat- 

 topped, often radiate. — 3 Cape species, of which 2 are endemic, dispersed. 



Oeder LXX. COMPOSITiE, 



Flowers arranged in heads (capitida) on a general recep- 

 tacle, surrounded by an involucre of several, separate or co- 

 hering, dry and membranous or green and leaf-like scales or 

 leaflets (bracts). Heads many-flowered few-flowered or 1- 

 flowered, separate or crowded in glomerules. Flowers sessile 



