for the rider, and commonly so for the horse, 

 to have recourse to them. When two caulk- 

 mgs are used on each shoe, the inner one fre- 

 quently wounds or bruises the opposite leg, and 

 It has therefore been found most" advantageous 

 to have one only, and diat on the outer heel ; and, 

 although its use may now and then cause some 

 inconvenience, yet no expedient has been hi- 

 therto adopted, which is eq.,aliy effectual in 

 preventing slipping, and which of itself pro- 

 duces fewer accidents. 



The back part of the caulkings of the fore 

 shoe, should not be made so as to stand square 

 or straight from the upper surface, but to slope 

 forward, and under the shoe, so as to render it 

 less liable to be caught and pulled off by the 

 toe of the hind shoe, either when the horse be- 

 comes somewhat tired, or when goina in stiff 

 and dap land, 



Oft/ie Tip, or Short Shoe. 



More than two hundred years ago, it was a com- 

 mon practice to shoe the toes only of such feet as 

 were contracted by improper shoeing, in order to 

 cause the back part of the foot to expand by the 

 weight of the body constantly pressing upon it; 



