n 50 3 



This consists in havincr nails 

 with a lozenge head, or what may 

 be called a double countersink, 

 terminating in an edge, instead of 

 coming to a point. This greater 

 breadth of surface, prevents its being 

 rubbed away as fast as a point; 

 the thickness in the middle o-ives it 

 strength; and the regular taper to 

 the shank, causes it to apply ex- 

 actly to the sides of the hole in the 

 shoe, by which it is equally sup- 

 ported, and prevented from bending or breaking. 

 There should be four nails to every shoe ; that is to 

 say, two in the forepart, and one at each heel.* 



These nails are, in effect, so many caulkings, 

 with the advantages of allowing a more level 

 tread ; of being easily replaced, by putting new 

 nails in the old holes ; and by being at a distance 

 from the heel of the shoe, they are not so likely 

 to hurt the opposite leg. 



* The heads of these nails must be struck in tools, or 

 dies ; the four holes in the shoe must be made to correspond 

 with the neck of the nail j and when the nail is driven, the 

 workman must cover the head with a tool, which will re^ 

 ceive its upper part, and prevent its being injured by the 

 hammer. 



