19i 



night. Payiienancu, having escaped from the car- 

 nage, marched against Villarica, but was again de- 

 feated by Rodrigo Bastidas, the commandant of that 

 city. 



Whilst the war was thus enkindled anew, the li- 

 centiate Calderón airived at Chili, in 1575, with a 

 commission from the court of Spain as examiner. 

 His first step was to suppress the tribunal of audi- 

 ence, on the sole principle of economy. The audi- 

 tors themselves were ordered back to Peru, and in- 

 stead of the president Sarabia, Rodrigo Quiroga, 

 wlio but a few years before had been appointed go- 

 vernor by the Audience of Lima, was again rein- 

 stated in that office by order of Philip II. 



That experienced officer, having assembled all the 

 troops that he could raise in the present circumstan- 

 ces, proceeded in 1756 to the frontiers to oppose the 

 progress of Paynenancu, who, notwithstanding he 

 had been twice defeated, continued constantly to 

 harrass the Spanish settlements ; but not being able 

 to meet him, he contented himself with ravaging 

 tiie country. 



In the mean time, having received a reinforcement 

 of two thousand men from Spain, he gave directions to 

 his father-in-law, Ruiz Gamboa, to found a new colo- 

 ny at the foot of the Cordilleras, between the cities of 

 Santiago and Conception, which has since received 

 the appellation of Chilian, from the river on whose 

 shore it stands, and has become the capital of the 

 fertile province of that name. Shortly after the es- 

 tablishment of this settlement, in 1580, the governor 

 died at a very advanced age, having nominated Gam- 



