62 Der heutige Stand der Verwaltung der Wälder in Kanada 



Summary. 



Historical development and present Situation of forest administration 



in Canada. 



By Franz Grünwoldt. 



A. Introduction. 



Tlie introduction includes a brief historical summary of the political conditions of Canada, 

 followed by the Chief dates of Canadian economy of forestry and wood. 



Canada has an area of 9539000 qkm, 2985130 qkm of which are stocked with forest, that 

 means 31 °o of the total area. As the distribution of woods is by no means an equal one, 

 a numerical statement of the distribution in the various provinces has been executed. Vs 

 of the woods consists of full-grown stock, Va of a stock that is not yet füll grown, the remaining 

 third consists of a material worthless for forestry. 61*^o of the productive area are stocked 

 over with coniferous trees, 12% with broadleaved species, and 27% with mixed species. 

 The main species of trees in the Canadian woods are spruce, poplar, banks- and Murraya- 

 pine (Jack- and Lodgepolepine), fir (Balsam), Thuja (Cedar), Douglas (Douglas Fir), a. s. o. 

 According to measurements and estimates the total growing stock amounts to about 

 7236 mill. fm. In 1926—30 the average annual consume amounted to 105,2 mill fm. 



During the 19th Century the Canadian timber-trade had its main centres in the provinces 

 now called Ontario and Quebec and the Chief kind of timber for this trade has been White 

 Pine (Plnus Strobus). In the present time there is only quite a small trade in pine, owing to the 

 exhaustion of the old Stocks. To-day, the Chief kind of timber for trade is pulpwood in the 

 east (the Canadian paper-production is 35% of the world's total production in 1927), and 

 timber in the west (Douglas Fir and Sitka Spruce). In the last time it was especially 

 the Conference at Ottawa that very favourably influenced the Canadian timber-trade. 



Ownership of the forests. Vio of the Canadian woods are owned by the State. 



The diagramm on page 8 shows the part which forestry-products are taking in the Canadian 

 export. 639471 workmen are employed in industry, 152833 (23,9%) of whom in wood 

 consuming enterprises. Besides, there are still 91000 workmen employed in the forest. 



B. Chief part. 



To-day, the main problem for the Canadian State forestry is how to organize an exact 

 balance between the encreasing requirements of the woodworking Industries and the 

 capacity of the forests. The aim of present responsible authorities is forest conservation. 



I. Organization of the forestry-authorlties of the State. 



To-day, the forestry-organization strives to concentrate all forestry-matters of each 

 province at a central-institute directed by an expert. Up-to-now this type of Organization 

 has not yet been carried through in all provinces. The British North America Act gave each 

 province a legislative power for the forests of the State within their district. The only excep- 

 tions had been the prairie-provinces and 2 special districts in B.C. (Railway Belt and Peace 

 River Block), the woods of which were under the government of the Dominion Forest Service up 

 to the year 1930. At present all forests of the State are under the supervision of the respective 

 provincial administrations. The Forestry-Departments at the Home-Ministry of the Dominion 

 are by no means Central Authorities, but dealing with solving national-economic questions 

 in general or in Charge with special secondary subjects of forestry. 



1. Authorities concernedwith forestry at the Governmentof the Dominion. 



1. Department of the Inferior. 



a. Dominion Forest Service. 



b. National Parks of Canada Brauch (Board of Supervision for about 

 . 100 000 qkm of National Parks). 



c. Dominion Lands Administration (Board of Supervision for the uncolonized 

 districts of the Provinces North West Territories and Yukon). 



2. Department of Indian Affairs (Board of Supervision for the Red-Indian Reservation 

 including the forests therein). 



3- Board of Railway Commissioners. 



